A gaunt, HIV-infected man lies in his bed in a tuberculosis clinic at St. Patrick’s Hospital near Bizana, South Africa. In South Africa, an estimated 5.5 million people have HIV – more than any other country in the world besides India. In the U.S., groundbreaking drugs have nearly transformed AIDS into a chronic disease; in sub-Saharan Africa, many patients don’t learn they have the fatal illness until they fall sick with the same infections that killed HIV-positive New Yorkers a quarter-century ago.